.\" common macros . \" begin of document .de bG .fi .ll \\n(LLu .lt \\n(LLu .wh 0 tM .wh 12i bM .wh -\\n(MBu nX .ch bM -\\n(MBu .wh -\\n(MBu/2u bT .tM .nr iN 0 .nr bG 1 .pl \\n(PHu .. . \" begin of body .de bY .fi .if !\\n(bG .bG .sp 2 .ns .nr bY 1 .. . \" top margin .de tM 'sp \\n(MTu/3u .ev 2 .lt \\n(LLu .ft R .tT .if o .po \\n(MOu .if e .po \\n(MEu .ev 'sp |\\n(MTu 'ns .nr fI 0 .nr sI 0 .nr nI 0 1 .nr nP 0-\\n(MB .ch bM -\\n(MBu .if \\n(dn .nZ .. . \" bottom margin .de bM .nr dn 0 .if \\n(nI \{\ . if \\n(nlu+1v>(\\n(.pu-\\n(MBu) .ch nX \\n(nlu+1.9v . ev 1 . nf . nN . rm nN . if \\n(.znY .di . nr nI 0 . ev .\} 'bp .. . \" reset .de rT .nr mT 1 .if !\\n(bY .bY .br .ce 0 .fi .ad b .hy 14 .ie \\n(n? \{\ . ps \\n(PS-2 . vs \\n(VS-2 .\} .el \{\ . ps \\n(PS . vs \\n(VS .\} .if n .ta 8n 16n 24n 32n 40n 48n 56n 64n 72n 80n .if t .ta 5n 10n 15n 20n 25n 30n 35n 40n 45n 50n 55n 60n 65n 70n 75n .. . \" author .de AU .ce 999 .ft I .ps \\n(PS .vs \\n(VS .sp .5 .nf \\$1 .if !"\\$2"" \{\ .br \\$2 .\} .. . \" paragraph .de PP .pB .rT .ie \\n(sI .sp 1 .el .ie \\n(fI .sp \\n(FDu .el .sp \\n(PDu .ne 1+\\n(.Vu .ft R .nr x 0 .in \\n(i\\n(iNu .if \\n(PT .if !"\\$1"" .nr x 1 .if !\\n(n? \{\ . ie \\nx \{\ . in \\n(i\\n(iNu+\\n(PTu . ti \\n(i\\n(iNu . ta \\n(PTu .\} . el .ie \\n(SP=1 .ti \\n(.iu+\\n(PIu . el .if \\n(SP=2 .if !\\n(fI .ti \\n(.iu+\\n(PIu . if \\n(PN \fB\\n+(pC\&.\fP .\} .nr fI 0 .nr sI 0 .if !"\\$1"" .if !\\nx \fB\\$1\fP .if !"\\$1"" .if \\nx \fB\\$1\fP\t\c .. . \" stanza (unfilled paragraph) .de SZ .pB .rT .nf .ie \\n(sI .sp 1 .el .ie \\n(fI .sp \\n(FDu .el .sp \\n(PDu .ne 1+\\n(.Vu .ft R .nr fI 0 .nr sI 0 .. . \" title .de TL .rm sH .nr mT 0 .if !\\n(bG .bG .ad c .ft B .sT .ne 4 .hy 0 .ds tL \\$1 \\$1 .if !"\\$2"" \{\ .ds tL "\\*(tL \\$2" .br \\$2 .\} .if !"\\$3"" \{\ .ds tL "\\*(tL \\$3" .br \\$3 .\} .if !"\\$4"" \{\ .ds tL "\\*(tL \\$4" .br \\$4 .\} .if !"\\$5"" \{\ .ds tL "\\*(tL \\$5" .br \\$5 .\} .\XPDFMark: Title \\*(tL .. . \" table of contents .de TC .bp .if \\n%>1 .if e .bp +1 .ce 0 .fi .ad r .ft B .ps \\n(PS+30 .vs \\n(VS+30p \\*J .ps \\n(PS .vs \\n(VSp .sp 4 .ns .rT .ad l .. . \" index chapter .de IC .ne 12 .ta 0 .sp 1v .ad l .ft B .in 0 .mk \\$2 .br .rt .in 3n .ll \\n(LLu-5n \\$3 .mk .br .rt .in 0 .ll \\n(LLu .ad r \\$1 .ft P .br .sp .3v .ns .. . \" index section .de IS .if (\\n(nlu+1v)>=(\\n(.pu-\\n(MBu) .bp .sp .1v .ad l .ft R .in 3n .mk \\$2 .br .rt .in 9n .ll \\n(LLu-5n \\$3 .mk .br .rt .in 0 .ll \\n(LLu .ad r \\$1 .ft P .br .. . \" common macro called by CH and AX .de hD .rT .ce 0 .rm sH .nr mT 0 .if \\n%>1 .bp .if \\n%>1 .if e .bp +1 .ie \\*(cH .nr % 1 .nr pC 0 1 .nr nC 0 1 .nr bY 0 .nr h0 +1 .nr h1 0 .nr h2 0 .nr h3 0 .nr h4 0 .nr h5 0 .if !\\n(bG .bG .fi .ad r .ft B .ps \\n(PS+30 .vs \\n(VS+30p .ne 4 .hy 0 .. . \" chapter .de CH .hD .ds cH \\n(h0. \\$1 \XPDFMark: Bookmark 0 \\*(cH\\n(h0 .br \\$1 .tm index:.IC "\\n%" "\\n(h0" "\\$1" .. . \" appendix .de AX .nr h0 0 1 .af h0 A .hD .ds cH \\*X \\n(h0: \\$1 \XPDFMark: Bookmark 0 \\*(cH\\*X \\n(h0 .br \\$1 .tm index:.IC "\\n%" "\\n(h0" "\\$1" .. . \" SH - section heading .de SH .pB .rT .in \\n(.iu .ne 8.1 .sp 1 .ft B .sS .nr h\\$1 +1 .in \\n(i\\n(iNu .if !\\$1-4 .nr h5 0 .if !\\$1-3 .nr h4 0 .if !\\$1-2 .nr h3 0 .if !\\$1-1 .nr h2 0 .if !\\$1 .if \\n(.$ .nr h1 1 .if \\$1S \{\ . nr h1 \\$2 0 . nr h2 \\$3 0 . nr h3 \\$4 0 . nr h4 \\$5 0 . nr h5 \\$6 0 .\} .if \\n(SS .ds sN \\n(h1. .if \\n(SS .if !"\\*(cH"" .ds sN \\n(h0.\\n(h1. .if \\n(SS>1 .if \\$1-1 .as sN \\n(h2. .if \\n(SS>2 .if \\$1-2 .as sN \\n(h3. .if \\n(SS>3 .if \\$1-3 .as sN \\n(h4. .if \\n(SS>4 .if \\$1-4 .as sN \\n(h5. .ie !"\\*(cH"" .nr sL \\$1 .el .nr sL \\$1-1 .ie \\n(SS \{\ \XPDFMark: Bookmark \\n(sL \\*(sN \\$2\\*(sN \\$2 .\} .el \{\ \XPDFMark: Bookmark \\n(sL \\*(sN \\$2\\$2 .\} .nr sI 1 .nr fI 0 .tm index:.IS "\\n%" "\\*(sN" "\\$2" .ds sH \\*(sN \\$2 .. . \" figure start .de FS .nr fC +1 .br .in 0 .ti 0 .di f\\n(fC .. . \" figure end .de FE .br .di .nf .ne \\n(dnu .ie \\n(sI .sp 1 .el .sp \\n(FDu .ns .f\\n(fC .nr fC -1 .nr fI 1 .nr sI 0 .. . \" figure caption .de FC .ps \\n(PS .vs \\n(VS .nr fL \\n(.u .di fC .ie "\\$2"t" \{\ .nr tN +1 \fB\\*T \\n(tN:\0\fR\\$1 .\} .el \{\ .nr fN +1 \fB\\*F \\n(fN:\0\fR\\$1 .\} .br .di .in ((\\n(.lu-\\n(.iu)/2u)-(\\n(dlu/2u) .fi .ad b .fC .in .ie \\(fL .fi .el .nf .rm fC .rr fL .. . \" table start .de TS .br .nf .. . \" picture start .de PS .in ((\\n(.lu-\\n(.iu)/2u)-(\\$2/2u) .. . \" picture end .de PE .in .. . \" code start .de CS .in +\\n(PIu .nr iN +1 .nr i\\n(iN \\n(.i .nf .ps \\n(PS-1 .vs \\n(VS-1 .ft CW .. . \" code end .de CE .ft P .ps \\n(PS .vs \\n(VS .nr iN -1 .in \\n(i\\n(iNu .fi .. . \" abstract begin .de AS .pB .rT .sp 2 .if !"\\*A"" \{\ .ce 1 \fB\\*A\fP .\} .fi .ll \\n(LLu-\\n(PIu .in +\\n(PIu .nr iN +1 .nr i\\n(iN \\n(.i .. . \" abstract end .de AE .nr iN -1 .in \\n(i\\n(iNu .ll \\n(LLu .. . \" quote start .de QS .in +\\n(PIu .nr iN +1 .nr i\\n(iN \\n(.i .. . \" quote end .de QE .br .nr iN -1 .in \\n(i\\n(iNu .. . \" list start .de LS .rT .ft R .br .ie \\n(sI .sp 1 .el .if \\n(fI .sp \\n(FDu .nr lN +1 .ie !"\\$1"" \{\ . af l\\n(lN \\$1 . ie \\n(lN>1 .in +4n . el .in +3n .\} .el \{\ . ds l\\n(lN b . ie \\n(lN>1 .in +4n . el .in +2n .\} .nr iN +1 .nr i\\n(iN \\n(.iu .nr sI 0 .nr fI 0 .. . \" list end .de LE .br .rr l\\n(lN .rm l\\n(lN .nr iN -1 .in \\n(i\\n(iNu .nr lN -1 .. . \" list item .de LI .br .nr l\\n(lN +1 .ie "\\*(l\\n(lN"b" \{\ .ti -2n .ta 2n \fB\(bu\t\fP\c .\} .el \{\ .ti -3n .ta 3n \fB\\n(l\\n(lN\&.\t\fP\c .\} .if !"\\$1"" \fB\\$1\fP .. . \" roman (regular) font .de R .ie \\n(.$=0 .ft R .el \&\\$3\fR\\$1\fP\\$2 .. . \" superscript .de SP \&\\$3\s-2\v'-3p'\\$1\v'3p'\s0\\$2 .. . \" subscript .de SB \&\\$3\s-2\v'3p'\\$1\v'-3p'\s0\\$2 .. . \" bold font .de B .ie \\n(.$=0 .ft B .el \&\\$3\fB\\$1\fP\\$2 .. . \" italic font .de I .ie \\n(.$=0 .ft I .el \&\\$3\fI\\$1\fP\\$2 .. . \" constant width (monospace) font .de CW .ie \\n(.$=0 .ft CW .el \&\\$3\f(CW\\$1\fP\\$2 .. . \" URI hyperlink .de HL \W\\$1\\$2 .. . \" footnote start .de NS 'if !\\n(nJ 'if \\n(nlu+3v>=(\\n(.pu-\\n(MBu) .bM 'if !\\n(nJ \&\s-2\v'-3p'\\n+(nC\v'3p'\s0\&\\$1 .nr iS \\n(.i 'da nN .ev 1 .br .sp \\n(PDu .ll \\n(LLu .if \\n(n? \{\ . tm nested footnote . ab .\} .nr n? 1 .if \\n+(nI=1 \{ . in 0 . if n _________________________ . if t \l'\\n(LLu' . br .\} .fi .if !\\n(nJ .SP \&\\n(nC .. . \" footnote end .de NE .br .ev 'di 'nr n? 0 'nr nP -\\n(dn 'nr nP -1v 'if (\\n(nl+\\n(.v)<=(\\n(.p+\\n(nP) 'ch bM \\n(nPu 'if (\\n(nl+\\n(.v)>(\\n(.p+\\n(nP) \{\ ' if \\n(nl>(\\n(MB+1.5v) 'ch bM \\n(nlu+\\n(.vu ' if \\n(nl+\\n(MT+1v>\\n(.p 'ch nX \\n(.pu-\\n(MTu+2v ' if \\n(nl<=(\\n(MB+1.5v) 'ch bM \\n(MBu+(4u*\\n(.vu) '\} 'in \\n(iSu .. . \" process footnote overflow .de nX .if \\n(nI .di nY .. . \" get leftover footnote .de nZ .nr nJ 1 .NS .nf .nY .NE .nr nJ 0 .. . \" EQ - equation, breakout and display .de EQ .nr UR \\n(.u .rm EE .nr LE 1 \" default centered .ds EL \f1\\$1\fP .if \\$1C .ds EL \f1\\$2\fP .if \\$1L \{\ . ds EL \f1\\$2\fP . nr LE 0 .\} .if \\$1I \{\ . ds EL \f1\\$2\fP . nr LE 0 . ds EE \\h'|10n' . if !\\$3 .ds EE \\h'\\$3' .\} .if \\n(YE>0 .nf .di EZ .. . \" EN - end of a displayed equation .de EN .if !\\*(10 .br .di .rm EZ .nr ZN \\n(dn .if \\n(ZN>0 .if \\n(YE=0 .LP .if \\n(ZN=0 .if !\\*(EL .nr ZN 1 .if \\n(.z .if \\n(ZN>0 .if !\\n(nl=\\n(PE .sp \\n(DDu .if !\\n(.z .if \\n(ZN>0 .if !\\n(.d=\\n(PE .sp \\n(DDu .pc .if \\n(BD>0 .nr LE 0 \" can't mean centering in this case. .if \\n(MK>0 .if \\n(LE=1 .ds EE \\h'|10n' .if \\n(MK>0 .nr LE 0 \" don't center if mark/lineup .lt \\n(.lu .if \\n(EP=0 .if \\n(ZN>0 \{\ . if \\n(LE>0 .tl \\*(10\\*(EL . if \\n(LE=0 .if \\n(BD=0 .tl \\*(EE\\*(10\\*(EL . if \\n(LE=0 .if \\n(BD>0 .if \\n(BD<\\w\\*(10 .nr BD \\w\\*(10 . if \\n(LE=0 .if \\n(BD>0 \!\\*(10\\t\\*(EL .\} .if \\n(EP>0 .if \\n(ZN>0 \{\ . if \\n(LE>0 .tl \\*(EL\\*(10 . if \\n(LE=0 .if \\n(BD=0 .tl \\*(EL\\*(EE\\*(10 . if \\n(LE=0 .if \\n(BD>0 .if \\n(BD<\\w\\*(10 .nr BD \\w\\*(10 . if \\n(LE=0 .if \\n(BD>0 \!\\h'-\\\\n(.iu'\\*(EL\\h'|0'\\*(10 .\} .lt \\n(LLu .pc % .if \\n(YE>0 .if \\n(UR>0 .fi .rm 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 EL .rr 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 .if \\n(ZN>0 .if t .sp \\n(DDu .if \\n(.z .nr PE \\n(nl .if !\\n(.z .nr PE \\n(.d .. .nr nC 0 1 .nr pC 0 1 .nr fN 0 .nr tN 0 .nr FL 5.5i .nr PD .3v .nr SP 1 .nr SS 3 .nr PN 0 .nr PT 0 .if n .nr PD 1v .if t .nr PD .3v .if n .nr FD 1v .if t .nr FD 1v .if "\*F"" .ds F Figure .if "\*T"" .ds T Table .if "\*J"" .ds J Contents .if "\*X"" .ds X Appendix .\" mp: macros for slide presentation . \" top margin .de bT .ev 2 .lt \\n(LLu .ft R .ps \\n(PS-6 .vs \\n(VS-6p .if \\n%>1 \{\ . ie !\\*(sH .tl \\*(tL/\\*(sH% . el .tl \\*(tL% .\} .ev .. . \" paragraph break .de pB .bp .. . \" setup section .de sS .ps \\n(PS+12 .vs \\n(VS+12p .br \l'\\n(.lu-\\n(.iu\&\\$1' .br .. . \" setup title .de sT .ps \\n(PS+24 .vs \\n(VS+24p .. . \" initialization .nr PI 0 .nr PS 28 .nr VS 30 . \" default page size (landscape letter) .if !\n(LL .nr LL 9i \" line length .if !\n(MB .nr MB 1i \" bottom margin .if !\n(ME .nr ME 1i \" left margin for even pages .if !\n(MO .nr MO 1i \" left margin for odd pages .if !\n(MT .nr MT 1i \" top margin .if !\n(PH .nr PH 8.5i \" page height \" there's no page width, it's not needed for troff